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SB. 12/H.R. 024 | Pandemic Preparedness and Public Health Security Act


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IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

Mr. KOENIG of FLORIDA, on behalf of the President of the United States, introduced the following bill;

A BILL

To enhance the United States' preparedness and response capabilities for pandemics and public health emergencies, strengthen the public health infrastructure, invest in research and development, and promote coordination at federal, state, local, and international levels.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

(a) Short Title. This Act may be cited as the “Pandemic Preparedness and Public Health Security Act". 

 

TITLE I

STRENGTHENING PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE

 

SEC. 101. FUNDING FOR KEY PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES. 

(a) Appropriation of Funds to Federal Public Health Agencies: An amount of $10 billion is authorized to be appropriated annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2029, to be allocated as follows:

(1) To the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, it shall be allocated $4 billion annually, dedicated to enhancing disease surveillance systems, epidemiological research, and informatics capabilities.
(2) To the National Institutes of Health, it shall be allocated $4 billion annually, allocated as follows:

(A) $2 billion annually to accelerate the development of vaccines for emerging infectious diseases affecting both children and adults;
(B) $1.3 billion annually for the development of new treatments and diagnostic tools; 
(C) $667 million annually to support research in disease patterns, informatics, and data science applications in public health; and
(D) $1.67 billion annually to modernize public health data systems for real-time data sharing and advanced analytics. 

(b) State and Local Support. 

(1) Appropriation of Funds. An amount of $5 billion is authorized to be appropriated annually to support state, territorial, tribal, and local health departments in improving public health infrastructure and emergency response systems. This authorization shall remain in effect for fiscal years 2026 through 2029 and may be renewed by Congress upon expiration. 

(2) Allocation of Funds.

(A) Distribution to States.

(i) Base Allocation. Each state shall receive a base amount of $50 million annually.
(ii) Population-Based Allocation. The remaining funds after base allocations shall be distributed based on each state's proportion of the total U.S. population, as determined by the most recent census data.

(B) Allocation to Territories. Each U.S. territory shall receive a minimum of $10 million annually, with additional funds allocated based on population size.

(C) Allocation to Tribal Governments. An amount of $500 million annually shall be set aside for federally recognized tribal governments, distributed based on population and demonstrated need.

(3) Permissible Uses of Funds. Funds allocated under this subsection may be used by state, territorial, tribal, and local health departments for the following purposes:

(A) Upgrading and modernizing public health facilities, laboratories, and equipment;
(B) Enhancing health information technology systems for better data collection, reporting, and interoperability;
(C) Developing and updating emergency preparedness and response plans;
(D) Purchasing and maintaining emergency medical supplies and equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators;
(E) Implementing emergency communication systems for coordination during crises;
(F) Hiring additional public health personnel, including epidemiologists, contact tracers, and laboratory technicians;
(G) Providing training and professional development for the public health workforce to enhance skills in infectious disease control and emergency response;
(I) Implementing public education campaigns on disease prevention, vaccination, and health promotion;
(J) Addressing health disparities by supporting programs targeted at vulnerable and underserved populations;
(K) Strengthening disease monitoring systems to enable real-time tracking and reporting of infectious diseases;
(L) Integrating local surveillance systems with state and federal databases for cohesive national monitoring;
(M) Expanding telemedicine services to increase access to healthcare, particularly in rural and underserved areas; and,
(N) Investing in technology and infrastructure to support remote patient monitoring and consultations.

(4) Accountability and Reporting Requirements

(A) Spending Plans. Recipients must submit a detailed spending plan to the Secretary of Health and Human Services within 90 days of receiving funds, outlining intended uses aligned with permissible activities. The Secretary shall review and approve spending plans to ensure compliance with the Act's objectives.
(B) Annual Reporting. Recipients shall provide annual reports detailing expenditures, program implementations, and outcomes achieved. Reports must include performance metrics such as improvements in infrastructure, workforce expansion, emergency response capabilities, and impacts on public health indicators.
(C) Audits. Funds are subject to audits by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to ensure proper use and prevent mismanagement. Periodic compliance reviews will be conducted to assess adherence to the Act's requirements.

(5) Reallocation of Unused Funds. Any funds not obligated by a recipient within two fiscal years shall be returned to the Treasury. Returned funds may be reallocated to other recipients demonstrating significant need or used to address emerging public health emergencies.

(6) Technical Assistance. The Department of Health and Human Services shall provide technical assistance to recipients to aid in the effective implementation of programs and proper use of funds.

(7) Non-Supplanting Requirement. Funds provided under this subsection must be used to supplement, not supplant, existing state, territorial, tribal, or local funding for public health programs.

SEC. 102. MODERNIZING DATA INFRASTRUCTURE. 

(a) National Health Data System Upgrade

(1) Implementation Plan.

(A) Development of Plan. Within 180 days of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (hereafter referred to as the "Secretary") shall develop and submit to Congress a comprehensive plan to modernize national health data systems to ensure interoperability and real-time data sharing among federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local health agencies.
(B) Consultation. In developing the plan, the Secretary shall consult with:

(i) The Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC);
(ii) The National Coordinator for Health Information Technology;
(iii) State, territorial, tribal, and local public health officials; and,
(iv) Representatives from healthcare providers, health information exchanges, and relevant stakeholders.

(2) Interoperability Standards.

(A) Adoption of Standards. The Secretary shall adopt and implement nationwide interoperability standards for health information technology systems to facilitate seamless data exchange.
(B) Alignment with Existing Standards. Standards shall be aligned with those established under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act and the 21st Century Cures Act to promote consistency.
(C) Requirements for Funding Recipients. Entities receiving federal funds under this Act shall utilize health information technology systems that meet the established interoperability standards.

(3) Funding Authorization. An amount of $2 billion is authorized to be appropriated annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2029 to carry out the activities under this subsection.

(4) Privacy and Security.

(A) Compliance with Laws. All data sharing and system upgrades shall comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and other applicable federal and state privacy laws.
(B) Data Security Measures. Implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive health information from unauthorized access, breaches, and other security threats.

(5) Reporting Requirements. The Secretary shall submit annual reports to Congress detailing:

(A) Progress on the implementation plan;
(B) Achievements and milestones reached;
(C) Challenges encountered and strategies to address them; and
(D) Expenditures and budgetary needs.

(b) Data Integration and Analytics.

(1) Establishment of Centralized Platform.

(A) National Public Health Data Platform.The Secretary shall establish a secure, centralized National Public Health Data Platform (hereafter referred to as the "Platform") to integrate data from federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local sources.
(B) Platform Capabilities. The Platform shall:

(i) Allow for real-time data collection, analysis, and reporting;
(ii) Support advanced analytics, including predictive modeling and trend analysis; and,
(iii) Utilize artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance disease surveillance and response.

(2) Data Sources and Integration

(A) Inclusion of Data Types. The Platform shall integrate data from various sources, including but not limited to:

(i) Electronic health records (EHRs);
(ii) Laboratory information systems;
(iv) Syndromic surveillance systems;
(v) Environmental and zoonotic disease monitoring systems; and,
(vi) Social determinants of health data.

(B) Data Standardization. Implement data standardization protocols to ensure consistency and accuracy across all data sources.

(3) Collaboration and Data Sharing.

(A) Agreements with Agencies. The Secretary shall establish data-sharing agreements with federal agencies such as the CDC, NIH, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, and others as necessary.
(B) State and Local Partnerships. The Secretary shall establish partnerships with state, territorial, tribal, and local health departments to promote data sharing and collaboration.

(4) Privacy and Ethical Considerations.

(A) Data De-identification. The Secretary shall ensure that all personal health information is appropriately de-identified when used for analysis, in compliance with privacy laws.
(B) Ethical Use of AI. The Secretary shall establish guidelines for the ethical use of AI and machine learning, including transparency, accountability, and prevention of biases.

(5) Funding Authorization. An amount of $1.5 billion is authorized to be appropriated annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2029 to carry out the activities under this subsection.

(c) Integration with Emergency Response Systems.

(1) Real-Time Alert Systems. The Secretary shall integrate the Platform with national emergency response systems to provide real-time alerts to public health officials and first responders.
(2) Public Health Decision Support. The Secretary shall provide tools within the Platform to support strategic planning and resource allocation during public health emergencies.

TITLE II
INVESTING IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

SEC. 201. VACCINE AND THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT. 

(a) Funding for Biomedical Research. An amount of $8 billion is authorized to be appropriated annually to the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) for the research and development of vaccines, antivirals, and therapeutics for emerging infectious diseases.

(b) Public-Private Partnerships. The Department of Health and Human Services shall facilitate partnerships between government agencies, academic institutions, and private sector entities to accelerate medical innovation and share resources.

SEC. 202. ADVANCING DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS. 

There shall be allocated $2 billion annually to fund the development and deployment of rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for emerging pathogens, and invest in expanding and upgrading laboratory facilities nationwide to handle increased testing demands during public health emergencies.

TITLE III
ENHANCING THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE

SEC. 301. STOCKPILE MANAGEMENT AND EXPANSION. 

(a) Inventory Expansion.

(1) Requirement to Increase Stockpile Inventory. 

(A) Expansion Mandate.  The Secretary of Health and Human Services (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") shall, through the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, expand the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) inventory of essential medical supplies by not less than 50 percent within two years of the enactment of this Act.

(B) Essential Medical Supplies Defined. For purposes of this subsection, "essential medical supplies" shall include, but not be limited to:

(i) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as N95 respirators, surgical masks, gloves, gowns, and face shields;
(ii) Ventilators and associated respiratory care equipment;
(iii) Pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, antivirals, vaccines, and critical medications identified by the Secretary;
(iv) Diagnostic testing supplies and equipment; and
(v) Medical devices and supplies necessary for the treatment and management of patients during a public health emergency.

(2) Assessment and Procurement Plan.

(A) Comprehensive Assessment. Within 180 days of enactment, the Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive assessment of current SNS inventory levels, projected needs during various public health emergency scenarios, and gaps in existing supplies.

(B) Procurement Strategy. Based on the assessment, the Secretary shall develop and implement a procurement strategy that prioritizes:

(i) Items identified as critical for effective emergency response;
(ii) Strategies to manage expiration dates and ensure the rotation of stock to maintain efficacy; and
(iii) Economical procurement without compromising quality and safety standards.

(3) Funding Authorization. An amount of $5 billion is authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 2025 and 206 to carry out the activities under this subsection.

(b) Supply Chain Resilience.

(1) Diversification of Supply Chains.

(A) Mandate for Diversification. The Secretary shall develop and implement policies to diversify the supply chains of essential medical supplies to mitigate risks associated with over-reliance on single sources or foreign suppliers.

(B) Assessment of Supply Chain Risks. The Secretary shall conduct an analysis of the supply chains for essential medical supplies to identify vulnerabilities and dependencies; and develop strategies to address identified risks, including the promotion of multiple sourcing options and geographic diversification.

(2) Encouragement of Domestic Production.

(A) Incentives for Domestic Manufacturing. The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Defense, shall establish programs to encourage the domestic production of critical medical supplies, which may include:

(i) Grants, loans, and tax credits for companies that manufacture essential medical supplies within the United States;
(ii) Collaborations with private sector entities to expand domestic manufacturing capabilities; and,
(iii) Expedite regulatory approval processes for facilities and products related to essential medical supplies.

(B) Strategic Investment Plan. The Secretary shall:

(i) Determine which essential medical supplies are priorities for domestic production;
(ii) Support the development or enhancement of manufacturing facilities through federal funding or incentives; amd '
(iii) Promote training programs to develop a skilled workforce in the medical manufacturing sector.

(3) Reporting Requirements.—The Secretary shall submit a report to Congress within one year of enactment, and annually thereafter, detailing:

(A) Actions taken to diversify supply chains and encourage domestic production.
(B) Progress made in reducing dependency on foreign sources.
(C) Recommendations for additional measures or legislative actions needed to strengthen supply chain resilience.

SEC. 302. DISTRIBUTION LOGISTICS. 

(a) Efficient Deployment Systems.

(1) Development of Logistics and Distribution Systems. 

(A) Comprehensive Distribution Plan. The Secretary shall, within 180 days of enactment, develop and implement a comprehensive logistics and distribution plan for the rapid deployment of SNS resources during public health emergencies.

(B) Coordination with Other Agencies. The Secretary shall:

(i) collaborate with the Department of Defense, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other relevant federal agencies to leverage existing logistics capabilities; and
(ii) engage with state, territorial, tribal, and local governments to ensure alignment of distribution plans and address regional needs.

(b) Priority Allocation Framework. The Secretary shall establish clear guidelines for the allocation of SNS resources during public health emergencies, based on:

(1) areas and populations at highest risk, including those with high transmission rates or severe impact;
(2) population size, demographics, and specific health vulnerabilities; and,
(3) factor in the capacity and needs of local healthcare systems.

TITLE IV
BOLSTERING THE PUBLIC HEALTH WORKFORCE

SEC. 401. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS.

(a) Scholarships and Grants.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services (hereafter referred to as the "Secretary") shall establish a program to provide scholarships, grants, and loan repayment assistance to individuals pursuing careers in public health, epidemiology, infectious diseases, and related fields.

(1) Eligibility Criteria.—To be eligible for assistance under this subsection, an individual must:

(A) Be a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States;
(B) Be accepted for enrollment or be currently enrolled as a full-time or part-time student in an accredited educational institution in a program leading to a degree or certificate in a qualifying public health field;
(C) Commit to a service obligation as specified in paragraph (5).

(2) Use of Funds.—Funds awarded under this subsection may be used for:

(A) Tuition, fees, and other educational expenses;
(B) Reasonable living expenses during the period of education;
(C) Repayment of qualifying educational loans for individuals who have completed their education.

(3) Priority Consideration.—In awarding assistance, the Secretary shall give priority to individuals who:

(A) Demonstrate financial need;
(B) Come from rural or underserved communities;
(C) Express intent to practice in areas experiencing shortages of public health professionals.

(4) Service Obligation.—Recipients of assistance under this subsection shall enter into a contract agreeing to:

(A) Serve for a minimum of three years in a public health position within a federal, state, local, or tribal health department, or in a medically underserved area, upon completion of their educational program;
(B) Commence service within six months after graduation or completion of training.

(5) Breach of Contract.—Failure to fulfill the service obligation shall result in penalties as determined by the Secretary, which may include repayment of funds with interest and additional financial penalties.

(6) Funding Authorization.—An amount of $500 million is authorized to be appropriated annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out this subsection.

(b) Continuing Education.

(1) Financial Incentive Program.—The Secretary shall develop and fund ongoing training and continuing education programs for existing healthcare professionals to enhance skills in:

(A) Emergency preparedness and response;
(B) Infectious disease management and control;
(C) Use of new technologies and data systems in public health.

(2) Eligible Participants.—Eligible participants include:

(A) Physicians, nurses, and physician assistants;
(B) Epidemiologists and public health practitioners;
(C) Laboratory technicians and scientists;
(D) Other allied health professionals involved in public health services.

(3) Delivery of Training.—Training programs shall be delivered through:

(A) Partnerships with academic institutions and professional organizations;
(B) Online platforms and distance learning modules; and
(C) Workshops, seminars, and simulation exercises.

(4) Certification and Continuing Education Credits.—Participants shall receive certifications or continuing education credits upon successful completion of training modules, as applicable.

(5) Funding Authorization.—An amount of $200 million is authorized to be appropriated annually for fiscal years 2025 through 2028 to implement this subsection.

SEC. 402. WORKFORCE EXPANSION.

(a) National Public Health Service Corps

(1) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish the National Public Health Service Corps (hereafter referred to as the "Corps") to strengthen the nation's ability to respond to public health emergencies and improve access to public health services.

(2) Composition.—The Corps shall consist of:

(A) Commissioned officers of the Public Health Service;
(B) Civilian employees and volunteers with expertise in public health fields.

(3) Functions.—The Corps shall:

(A) Recruit and train public health professionals;
(B) Deploy members to areas affected by public health emergencies, including pandemics, natural disasters, and bioterrorism events;
(C) Provide support to underserved communities lacking adequate public health infrastructure.

(4) Deployment Readiness.—Members shall be maintained in a state of readiness for rapid deployment, with regular training and drills conducted to ensure effectiveness.

(5) Funding Authorization.—An amount of $800 million is authorized to be appropriated annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to support the operations of the Corps.

(b) Incentives for Underserved Areas.—The Secretary shall establish a program offering financial incentives to healthcare workers who commit to serving in underserved and rural areas.

(1) Types of Incentives.—Incentives may include:

(A) Loan repayment assistance up to $50,000 per year of service;
(B) Signing bonuses not exceeding $25,000;
(C) Housing allowances or relocation expenses;
(D) Tax incentives or credits as applicable under federal law.

(2) Eligibility Requirements.—Eligible healthcare workers must:

(A) Hold a valid license or certification in their professional field;
(B) Commit to a minimum service period of two years in a designated underserved area;
(C) Provide direct patient care or public health services during their service period.

(3) Designation of Underserved Areas.—The Secretary shall, in consultation with state and local authorities, designate areas that qualify as medically underserved based on factors such as:

(A) Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs);
(B) Medically Underserved Areas or Populations (MUA/Ps);
(C) Areas with high prevalence of health disparities.

(4) Monitoring and Compliance.—Participants must submit periodic reports verifying service, and the Secretary shall monitor compliance with program requirements.

(5) Funding Authorization.—An amount of $500 million is authorized to be appropriated annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to implement this subsection.

(c) Administration and Oversight.—The Secretary shall promulgate regulations necessary to implement the provisions of this Title within 180 days of enactment.

(1) Reporting Requirements.—The Secretary shall submit an annual report detailing program activities, expenditures, outcomes, and recommendations for improvements. Reports shall be made publicly available to ensure transparency.

(2) Evaluation.—The Secretary shall conduct evaluations of the programs established under this Title to assess:

(A) Effectiveness in increasing the public health workforce;
(B) Impact on emergency preparedness and response capabilities;
(C) Contributions to reducing health disparities in underserved areas.

(d) Non-Supplantation of Funds.—Funds provided under this Title shall supplement, not supplant, existing federal, state, local, or private funds allocated for similar purposes.

 

TITLE V
PUBLIC HEALTH INTEGRITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

SEC. 501. BAN ON FINANCIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES.

(a) In General.—No officer, employee, or contractor of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as the “CDC”) or the Food and Drug Administration (hereinafter referred to as the “FDA”) shall hold, directly or indirectly, any financial interest, including stock, stock options, or other financial instruments, in any entity regulated by the agency or engaged in the development, manufacture, or sale of pharmaceutical products, biologics, or medical devices.

(b) Disclosure Requirements.—Each officer or employee of the CDC or FDA who holds a position at the GS-15 level or higher shall submit an annual financial disclosure statement to the Office of Government Ethics.

SEC. 502. RESTRICTING THE REVOLVING DOOR BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND REGULATORS.

(a) Restriction on Post-Employment Activities.—No former officer or employee of the CDC or FDA shall, within five (5) years after the termination of their employment, accept employment or remuneration from any entity subject to regulation by the agency during their tenure.

(b) Prohibition on Lobbying.—No former officer or employee of the CDC or FDA shall engage in lobbying activities, as defined under 2 U.S.C. § 1602, directed at the agency for a period of five (5) years post-employment.

SEC. 503. TRANSPARENCY OF DATA AND DECISION-MAKING.

(a) Publication of Data.—The CDC and FDA shall publish all scientific data, clinical trial results, and other supporting documentation that forms the basis for any regulatory decision or public health recommendation, subject to the redaction of proprietary or personally identifiable information.

(b) Public Database.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”) shall establish and maintain a publicly accessible online database containing the information described in subsection (a).

SEC. 504. INDEPENDENT OVERSIGHT COMMITTEES.

(a) Establishment.—There is hereby established an Independent Oversight Committee for each of the CDC and FDA, to be composed of individuals with demonstrated expertise in public health, bioethics, and regulatory science, who are free of conflicts of interest as defined in Section 1201.

(b) Duties.—The committees shall review regulatory decisions, assess potential conflicts of interest, and issue public reports on the integrity of agency actions.

SEC. 505. EXPANSION OF PROTECTIONS.

(a) Prohibition on Retaliation.—No officer, employee, or contractor of the CDC or FDA shall retaliate against any employee who reports unethical practices, fraud, or regulatory violations.

(b) Whistleblower Office.—The Secretary shall establish a Whistleblower Protection Office within the Department of Health and Human Services to investigate and address complaints of retaliation.

SEC. 506. PROHIBITION ON PRIVATE FUNDING.

(a) Restriction on Contributions.—The CDC and FDA shall not accept funding, grants, or other financial contributions from private entities with a direct or indirect financial interest in the agencies’ regulatory activities.

SEC. 507. ADDRESSING PUBLIC CONCERNS AND REBUILDING TRUST.

(a) Mandatory Hearings.—The Secretary shall convene public hearings no less than annually to address public concerns regarding vaccines, drug approvals, and public health policies.

(b) Annual Reports.—The CDC and FDA shall each submit an annual report to Congress detailing their efforts to improve transparency, accountability, and public engagement.

TITLE VI
ENACTMENT

This Act shall take effect immediately upon its enactment into law, with provisions requiring the establishment of programs, systems, or regulations to be implemented within the timelines specified herein. If no timeline is provided, such implementation shall occur no later than 180 days following the date of enactment.

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Mr. President, the Pandemic Preparedness and Public Health Security Act has passed both the House and the Senate and is now presented for your signature or veto.


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